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arXiv 2510.10981auditjudge PASS 5/52026-08-16

In-Context Learning Is Provably Bayesian Inference

ICL-as-Bayesian-inference theory: the risk-decomposition identity and coupled p-N scaling of the Bayes gap verified numerically; the posterior-variance bound honestly inconclusive under finite precision.

3supported
0falsified
3inconclusive
0not audited
268trace events
31failures preserved

claims

C1Risk Decomposition Identity1 attemptsupported
C2Coupled p-N Scaling of Bayes Gap1 attemptinconclusive
C3Rapid Task-Type Identification (Posterior Concentration)4 attemptssupported
C4Bayes Gap Upper Bound Rate1 attemptsupported
C5Wasserstein Stability of Bayes Gap1 attemptinconclusive
C6Posterior Variance Bound by Minimax Risk1 attemptinconclusive

figure evidence

the trail

33 model calls · 95 tool runs · 18.8 min wall · append-only, failures preserved

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trace.jsonl — replaying live run
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